Znaczące zmiany wprowadzone w każdej wersji Pythona 3

Każda z wersji Pythona wprowadzała wiele zmian i ulepszeń - poniżej subiektywnie selektywna lista najważniejszych zmian wprowadzonych do każdej większej wersji Pythona 3:

Python 3.0 (2008-12-03):

• print statement replaced with a print() function
  

• dict.iterkeys(), dict.iteritems(), and dict.itervalues() removed
  

• Python 2’s xrange() is Python 3’s range(); Python 2’s range() is no more
  

• Python 2’s str is Python 3’s bytes; Python 2’s unicode is Python 3’s str
  

• The default Python source encoding is now UTF-8
  

• urllib2 module split into urllib.request and urllib.error modules
  

• urlparse module renamed to urllib.parse
  

• urllib module split into urllib.parse, urllib.request, and urllib.error modules
  

Python 3.1 (2009-06-26):

• The fields in strings formatted with str.format() can now omit numbering in order to be automatically numbered, as in 'Sir {} of {}'.format('Gallahad', 'Camelot')
  

• round(x, n) now returns an integer if x is an integer
  

• collections module: Counter and OrderedDict added
  

Python 3.2 (2011-02-20)

• New modules: argparse, concurrent.futures, html, and sysconfig
  

• .pyc files are now stored in __pycache__/ directories
  

• datetime module: timezone added
  

Python 3.3 (2012-09-29)

• New modules: faulthandler, ipaddress, lzma, unittest.mock, and venv
  

• Support for implicit namespace packages (directories without an __init__.py) added
  

• datetime module: New datetime methods: timestamp(), strftime(), and astimezone()
  

Python 3.4 (2014-03-17)

• New modules: asyncio, ensurepip, enum, pathlib, selectors, statistics, and tracemalloc
  

• http.server command-line interface: --bind option added
  

Python 3.5 (2015-09-13)

• Coroutine functions (async def), awaitable objects (await and __await__()), asynchronous iteration (async for, __aiter__(), and __anext__()), and asynchronous context managers (async with, __aenter__(), and __aexit__()) added
  

• Multiple * and/or ** unpackings can now be used in a single function call
  

• New modules: typing and zipapp
  

• Various additions & improvements to the asyncio module
  

Python 3.6 (2016-12-23)

• Formatted string literals (“f-strings”)
  

• Variables can now be annotated by following the name of the variable with a colon and the annotation
  

• Underscores can now be used in numeric literals
  

• await and yield can now be used in the same function, thereby enabling asynchronous generators
  

• async for can now be used in list, set, & dict comprehensions and in generator expressions
  

• await expressions can now be used in any comprehension
  

• **kwargs now preserves insertion order
  

• dicts are now implemented in such a way that they preserve insertion order
  

• Various additions & improvements to the asyncio module
  

Python 3.7 (2018-06-27)

• dicts are now guaranteed to preserve insertion order
  

• async and await are now reserved keywords
  

• New modules: contextvars, dataclasses, importlib.resources
  

Python 3.8 (2019-10-14)

• Assignment expressions: := (the “walrus operator”) can now be used to assign a value to a variable in the middle of an expression
  

• Function parameters can now be made positional-only by placing a / after them in the argument list
  

Python 3.9 (2020-10-05)

• dicts can now be merged & updated using the | and |= operators
  

• New modules: graphlib and zoneinfo
  

• asyncio module: to_thread() added
  

• Removed: asyncio.Task.current_task() and asyncio.Task.all_tasks() (deprecated since Python 3.7); use asyncio.current_task() and asyncio.all_tasks() instead
  

Python 3.10 (2021-10-04)

• Pattern matching with match/case syntax
  

• Common syntax errors now have better error messages
  

Python 3.11 (2022-10-03)

• Exception groups
  

• Traceback messages now highlight the exact expression that caused the error
  

• New modules: tomllib and wsgiref.types
  

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